Spray chrysanthemum is a real decoration of most household plots. Infinitely different: dwarf, peony, in the shape of a ball or in the form of a tall bush, curb or creeping, purple, pink and even green - all this is about the pacifying queen of the autumn garden and the princess of bouquets. However, in order to maintain the decorative attractiveness of the culture, it is necessary to select the varieties correctly, taking into account the climate and place of cultivation, observe the rules for planting and caring for the flower in open ground or in a pot.
Origin and appearance
In Japan, September 9th is considered chrysanthemum day. The history of the plant has been one and a half thousand years old. Nine in the eastern tradition is a lucky figure. Chrysanthemum is a symbol of longevity, so the holiday is justified.
The origin of culture is shrouded in legends and traditions. Once an evil dragon wanted to steal the sun, but the attempt failed - he burned his paws. Solar sparks from the frantic fury of the beast, trying to break the disk of fire, fell to the ground and turned into pure white flowers.
Stellini - spray chrysanthemum
The place where culture was born is considered to be the East - Japan. There the sun is called "kiku", like a colorful flower.
Outwardly, these are delicate, graceful and radiant flowers. Some species are close to daisies, most to asters and even peonies. Towering on short or long stems, they dissolve large-scale leaves and cover the area with a pleasant light aroma.
Flowers of culture create different ideas about yourself. The first mention of them dates back to 551 BC. when describing the imperial garden.
Form happens:
- Miniature (chamomile varieties),
- Giant
- Elongated
- Dissected.
Some botanists are debating which family the culture belongs to. Mysterious flowers are considered the causes of the controversy. Some people therefore attribute chrysanthemums to the tansy family, others even equate yarrow.
In some varieties, the flowers are simple, semi-double "daisies", in others - thick, "needle", wide petals of inflorescences. Diameter ranges from 3 to 7 cm.
Description of species and varieties
Chrysanthemum garden perennial varieties are represented by numerous species. Each of them is distinguished by its flowering period, the height and width of the bush. Such flowers are very fond of using in landscape design, because the culture blooms for a long time, having a rich and colorful shade of inflorescences. They can also be planted on the balcony and terrace.
Plant care is simple: good and stable watering, the presence of a sunny color. The life of flowers directly depends on the abundance of the sun, therefore, choosing a place for planting, you should not forget about this feature.
Popular varieties were bred by Chinese, Korean, Indian, Dutch and Japanese specialists. Names in varieties often correspond to the shape of the flower, color and features of life.
Important! In the Urals, chrysanthemums begin to bloom the last of all cultures. The thing is that the Urals is a zone of unstable climate and agriculture, in which there is risk and stress. As soon as flowering began, winter comes quickly enough with snow. Therefore, the Urals often choose winter-hardy varieties to enjoy the beauty of flowers in the next season.
Types of shrub chrysanthemums:
- Multiflora. Refers to spherical chrysanthemums,
- One of the rarest types of chrysanthemum is green bush,
- Zembla (Baltic) is a white beauty,
- Mona Lisa. It is similar in appearance to the variety of girl's chrysanthemum. It has small but lush flowers,
- Alice is a type of stunted chrysanthemum,
- Saba
- Bacardi.
For your information! Varieties of chrysanthemums are also divided into non-double, semi-double, double and pompom. Such gradations are distinguished by the shape of the flower.
Bush chrysanthemum strongly branched, with an abundance of stems and branches, inflorescences in the form of baskets. This is a plus of this culture - it is enough to cut one branch, and you get a full-fledged bouquet.
Spherical
The spherical chrysanthemum in the people is also called Multiflora. This hybrid was bred relatively recently, calling the form "spherical" due to the bizarre kind of culture.
This is a perennial long-growing chrysanthemum due to a bush reaching a maximum of 50 cm in height.
An interesting fact is that to give an extraordinary shape, you do not need to cut the flower. Everything happens naturally after flowering begins.
Spherical Multiflora
Planting and caring for a spherical chrysanthemum will not be difficult even for beginners. After planting, you need to pinch the culture, remove the growth point. After 20 days, perform a second pinch. When choosing soil, pay attention to fertile species with humus and compost, constantly loosen it. A place for planting to choose a well-lit place that will contribute to the long flowering of the flower.
White Terry Bush
White bush chrysanthemum is popular among florists. It is distinguished by an abundance of varieties and stands in cut for a long time.
Variety white terry bush
White varieties are:
- Spherical ("White Swan", "White Poodle"),
- Mid-sized ("Coconut", "Sky"),
- Tall and large-flowered ("Chik", "Himalayas").
- Curbing curbs ("The outfit of the bride", "Bonita").
Maroon
In Holland, they are proud of the cultivation of burgundy chrysanthemums, it was especially popular here. The plant is distinguished by large inflorescences and lush foliage on strong stems.
After the cut, the beauty pleases the eye for about two weeks, and can stand for about a month, if conditions are created for this.
The cherry queen is often used in bouquets to create spectacular compositions.
Variety burgundy, cherry
Optimist
The chrysanthemum Optimist has large inflorescences with a white or pale pink hue. An optimist is considered an anemic species. The height of the bush reaches 60-80 cm.
Optimist
Yellow bush
Yellow bush chrysanthemum is distinguished among all representatives of the family and is called "golden-eyed". It is she who is the first example of the species "chrysanthemum."
Yellow bacardi
Yellow succulent flowers often cover landscaping areas. Many varieties of yellow chrysanthemum surprise with colorful inflorescences: from golden yellow to orange-copper. Culture blooms until late autumn, until the onset of frost.
Varieties of perennial perennial chrysanthemums
Chrysanthemum flowers of perennial bushy undersized are miniature, graceful and flirty beauty. There are a lot of varieties. Some of them, the most popular in everyday life:
- "Mascot". It blooms early, covered with beetroot inflorescences.
- "Snow White". Spherical shrub, flowers up to 5 cm in diameter, white color.
- Ausma. The flowers have a yellow-orange color.
- "Smile". Incredibly attractive shrub, petals at the inflorescence in the form of tubules, lilac color.
- "Barbie". The name speaks for itself: "needle-shaped" inflorescences are not as simple as the heart of a cold doll. The soft pink tint of the petals reflects softness and kindness.
- "Alexandrite". Flowers in the form of daisies, but with a yellow-pink core.
Open transplant
The growth and development of a long-term beautiful culture largely depends on the correct choice of a suitable place for cultivation and soil.
What you need for landing
A good place and selected soil are the main helpers before landing. The soil should be loose and fertile. Culture does not like acidic soil, so it is necessary to choose slightly acidic or alkaline (neutral). Loamy and sandy loamy soils may also be options. With sandy soil, they dig it up before planting, adding humus and compost.
Optimal place
The best option is a place where there is constant sunlight. Culture is afraid of drafts, but stagnation of air depresses it. Therefore, the landing site should be as well ventilated as possible.
Optimal places would be:
- Elevations
- Hillocks
- Slopes.
For your information! You can also choose a place where chrysanthemums decorate the path or create a beautiful composition near the house.
Step-by-step landing process
Scheme:
- Prepare a hole for planting up to 40 cm deep.
- Perform drainage if necessary.
- Pit the bush, straighten the roots.
- Well compacted so that the rhizomes come into contact with the ground.
- Trim one third of the shrub for rooting.
- Water abundantly.
- Mulch with peat or humus.
Planting cuttings
Breeding
Perennial garden chrysanthemum in the conditions of the Moscow Region can be grown:
- With the help of seeds,
- Dividing the bush
- Cuttings.
Additional Information. Perennial plant species often breed by dividing the bush. Then you just need to transplant the baby from the mother. The transplant process is best performed at the end of frost in the spring. The main bush is dug up, young growth is separated and immediately landed in the prepared soil.
Cuttings
The best time for grafting is autumn, after pruning. Cut 5-8-centimeter shoots. They are rooted either in a glass of water or in a prepared container with a substrate.
Note! After cutting the shoots, the flowers are removed, no more than two or three leaves remain on the stem.
Cherenkovka process
The stalk is covered with polyethylene to create a greenhouse effect. After 2-3 weeks, small roots should appear, then young shoots can be transplanted into separate containers. After landing, young growth should be covered for a while, for example, use a canopy for this.
Seed cultivation
Growing from seeds is very simple. First, they are sown for seedlings (in February), at the time of the phase of two petals they dive. After the frost is over, you can plant in open ground or a pot. By the fall, small shrubs should grow.
Care
Chrysanthemum requires attention and constant care. It needs to be fed, watered, form branches (trimmed if necessary), transplanted and covered for wintering.
Watering mode
The plant loves water, but there should not be excessive moisture. In the summer, when buds are formed, you need to water it daily. After flowering begins, watering is reduced.
For your information! If there is not enough water, the stems begin to woody.
Top dressing
Feeding takes place according to the standard scheme:
- In early spring - nitric,
- In the summer, during the period of buds - phosphorus-potash,
- In the fall - phosphoric.
Fertilizers can be bought in specialized stores.
Feeding "Blank sheet"
Flowering period
During flowering, the chrysanthemum needs a sunny color for a longer retention of flowers. Watering does not become as regular as during the period of bud formation.
Rest period
When the buds are dry, they should be removed, and all dry branches should be cut. Then the watering is gradually reduced, and the flower is prepared for wintering. It is necessary to create all the conditions for the culture to gain strength for the next season.
Winter preparations
In October, the soil should be mulched with a peat layer of 10 cm, in late autumn - cover the plant with dry leaves, spanbond or spruce branches. Some varieties are transplanted into pots and carried to the basement for the whole winter.
In autumn, in the garden, in addition to chrysanthemums, as a rule, you will no longer see other colorful flowers. The shrubby beauty, as if, even more blossoms its branches with flowers and is not going to winter. No wonder the beautiful perennial is called the queen of flowers.
